| Hollardia | |
|---|---|
| |
| Hollardia goslinei | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Tetraodontiformes |
| Suborder: | Triacanthoidei |
| Family: | Triacanthodidae |
| Subfamily: | Hollardiinae |
| Genus: | Hollardia Poey, 1861 |
| Type species | |
| Hollardia hollardi Poey, 1861
| |
Hollardia is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Triacanthodidae, the spikefishes. These demersal fishes are found in the Western Atlantic Ocean with one species being found in the Pacific Ocean.
Taxonomy
[edit]Hollardia was first proposed as a monospecific genus in 1861 by the Cuban zoologist Felipe Poey when he described Hollardia hollardi as its only species, making that species its type species by monotypy.[1] H. hollardi was given a type locality of Havana.[2] In 1968 the American ichthyologist James C. Tyler classified this genus, alongside Parahollardia in a new subfamily of the family Triacanthodidae, the Hollardiinae.[3] The 5th edition of Fishes of the World classifies the family Triacanthodidae in the suborder Triacanthoidei in the order Tetraodontiformes.[4]
Etymology
[edit]Hollardia is named in honour of the French physician and naturalist Henri Hollard, a pioneering worker in the study of the Plectognathi. The three species in the genus all have eponyms as there specific names, the type species species epiphet further honours Hollard. H. meadi has a specific name which honours the American ichthyologist Giles W. Mead while that of H. goslinei honours another American ichthyologist, William A. Gosline, who collected its holotype when he collected fishes killed by the eruption of Mauna Loa in 1950.[5]
Species
[edit]Hollardia contaisn the following three valid species:[6]
- Hollardia goslinei J. C. Tyler, 1968 (Hawaiian spikefish)
- Hollardia hollardi Poey, 1861 (Reticulate spikefish)
- Hollardia meadi J. C. Tyler, 1966 (Spotted spikefish)
Characteristics
[edit]Hollardia spikefishes have a deep, slightly compressed body with a small mouth which opens at the front. The teeth are conical in shape and there is a single series on each jaw. The gill opening is a short vertical slit in front of the base of the pectoral fin. The dorsal fin typically has its origin origin immediately to the rear of the gill opening's top corner. It is supported by six spines, the first being long and robust, and these descerase in size towards the rear and the spines can be locked upright the soft rays are branched. There is a single large locakable spine in the pelvic fin too. The lower surface of the scale-covered part of the pelvis is rounded. Thes efishes have thick, rough skin whivh is covered in many small scales, each one with tiny spines on it.[7] These are small fishes with maximum published lengths of 14.4 cm (5.7 in) standard length for H. goslinei, 11.5 cm (4.5 in) standard length for H. hollardi and 10 cm (3.9 in) total length for H. meadi.[8]
Distribution and habitat
[edit]Hollardia spikefishes are found in teh Western Atlantic Ocean, 2 species,[7] from Massachusetts and Bermuda to Bahia in Brazil.[9] The third species, H. goslinei is found in the central west Pacific and has been recorded from Hawaii, the Hawaiian ridge, Johnston Atoll, the Line Islands, the Mariana Islands and from the Coral Sea off Queensland.[10] These are benthic fishes found at depths between 230 and 230 m (750 and 750 ft).[11] In the Western Atlantic Ocean, H. harrodi is found on soft substrates,[12] while H. meadi is found on rocky substrates.[13]
Coral Sea
[edit]Hollardia was rfecorded from new research in the Coral Sea in 2020 by Australian scientists using a robotic submarine sent back pictures of what appears to be Hollardia hollardi, for the first time in an area not around Hawaii.[14]
References
[edit]- ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Triacanthodidae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 28 August 2024.
- ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Hollardia". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 28 August 2024.
- ^ Franceso Santini; James C. Tyler (2003). "A phylogeny of the families of fossil and extant tetraodontiform fishes (Acanthomorpha, Tetraodontiformes), Upper Cretaceous to Recent". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 139 (4): 565–617. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2003.00088.x.
- ^ Nelson, J.S.; Grande, T.C.; Wilson, M.V.H. (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 518–526. doi:10.1002/9781119174844. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6. LCCN 2015037522. OCLC 951899884. OL 25909650M.
- ^ Christopher Scharpf (21 August 2024). "Order TETRAODONTIFORMES: Families TRIODONTIDAE, TRIACANTHIDAE, TRIACANTHODIDAE, DIODONTIDAE and TETRAODONTIDAE". Christopher Scharpf. Retrieved 28 August 2024.
- ^ Matsuura, K. (2014): Taxonomy and systematics of tetraodontiform fishes: a review focusing primarily on progress in the period from 1980 to 2014. Ichthyological Research, 62 (1): 72-113.
- ^ a b "Genus: Hollardia, Spikefish, Spikefishes". Shorefishes of the Greater Caribbean online information system. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. Retrieved 28 August 2024.
- ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Hollardia". FishBase. June 2024 version.
- ^ Vega-Cendejas, M.; Espinosa-Perez, H.; Cobián Rojas, D. & Polanco Fernandez, A. (2019). "Hollardia hollardi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T193745A2270668. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T193745A2270668.en. Retrieved 28 August 2024.
- ^ Bray, D.J. (2022). "Hollardia goslinei". Fishes of Australia. Museums Victoria. Retrieved 28 August 2024.
- ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Hollardia hollardi". FishBase. June 2024 version.
- ^ "Species: Hollardia hollardi, Reticulate Spikefish". Shorefishes of the Greater Caribbean online information system. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. Retrieved 28 August 2024.
- ^ "Species: Hollardia meadi, Spotted Spikefish". Shorefishes of the Greater Caribbean online information system. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. Retrieved 28 August 2024.
- ^ Slezak, Michael (18 June 2020). "Coral Sea's deep-water reef secrets revealed as pandemic sees research ship redeployed". ABC. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 18 June 2020.