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See also:
U+5584, 善
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5584

[U+5583]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+5585]

善 U+2F845, 善
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F845
啣
[U+2F844]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 善
[U+2F846]

善 U+2F846, 善
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F846
善
[U+2F845]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 喙
[U+2F847]

Translingual

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Han character

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(Kangxi radical 30, +9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 廿土廿口 (TGTR) or 廿廿口 (TTR), four-corner 80605, composition or 𦍌)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 197, character 18
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3904
  • Dae Jaweon: page 418, character 38
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 660, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+5584

Chinese

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trad.
simp. #
alternative forms

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Originally written in bronze inscriptions, consisting of two (OC *ŋan) and one . The (OC *ŋan) might have served as the phonetic component, while represented the sense "good; beautiful". The small seal script of was simplified from the bronze inscription form, consisting of one below one .

According to Shuowen, the form is an ideogrammic compound (會意会意) : (to wrangle) + (sheep) – good; virtuous. This interpretation may be difficult to comprehend.

Etymology

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Probably related to (OC *ɡjens, “to mend; to repair”).

Pronunciation

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Note: siêng6 - Chaozhou.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (25)
Final () (77)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter dzyenX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/d͡ʑiᴇnX/
Pan
Wuyun
/d͡ʑiɛnX/
Shao
Rongfen
/d͡ʑjænX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/d͡ʑianX/
Li
Rong
/ʑiɛnX/
Wang
Li
/ʑĭɛnX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ʑi̯ɛnX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
shàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
sin6
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
shàn
Middle
Chinese
‹ dzyenX ›
Old
Chinese
/*[ɡ]e[n]ʔ/
English good

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 11084
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ɡjenʔ/

Definitions

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  1. good; virtuous; charitable; kind
    Antonym:
      ―  shànshì  ―  good deed; charitable deed
  2. good; fine; desirable
      ―  shàn  ―  good solution
    1. (literary) to regard as good
  3. good deed
      ―  xíngshàn  ―  to do good deeds
  4. to be good at
    交際交际  ―  shàn jiāojì  ―  to be a mixer
    能歌  ―  nénggēshàn  ―  to be good at singing and dancing
  5. easily
      ―  shànbiàn  ―  to be changeable; to be prone or apt to change
      ―  shànwàng  ―  forgetful
  6. appropriately; all out; earnestly
      ―  shànyòng  ―  to use properly
    珍重  ―  shàn zì zhēnzhòng  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  7. to be friendly with; to be on friendly terms with
  8. (literary) to like
  9. (literary) Used to express agreement or commendation.; Good!
  10. (Taishanese, euphemistic) to die
    [Taishanese]  ―  hui1 sen5 [Wiktionary]  ―  go to hell

Synonyms

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Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. virtue
  2. goodness

Readings

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  • Go-on: ぜん (zen, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: せん (sen)
  • Kun: よい (yoi, 善い, Jōyō)
  • Nanori: よし (yoshi)

Etymology

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Kanji in this term
ぜん
Grade: 6
goon

From Middle Chinese (MC dzyenX).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(ぜん) (zen

  1. good, good deed
    Antonym: (aku)
    • 1946, 三木清, 親鸞[2], 青空文庫:
      (そと)においてどれほど(ぜん)(おこ)なおうとしても、悪心(あくしん)()えず(うら)から(ひそ)んでくる。
      Soto ni oite dore hodo zen o okonaō to shite mo, akushin wa taezu ura kara hisonde kuru.
      No matter how much good one tries to do outside, evil thoughts will always come lurking from behind it.

Derived terms

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Korean

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun 착할 (chakhal seon))

  1. hanja form? of (good, nice)

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: thiện

  1. chữ Hán form of thiện (kind, virtue, good).